Simulation and experimentation of a microfluidic device based on electrowetting on dielectric.

Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) moving fluid by surface tension effects offers some advantages, including simplicity of fabrication, control of minute volumes, rapid mixing, low cost and others. This work presents a numerical model using a commercial software, CFD-ACE+, and an EWOD system including a microfluidic device, a microprocessor, electric circuits, a LCD module, a keypad, a power supply and a power amplifier. The EWOD model based on a reduced form of the mass conservation and momentum equations is adopted to simulate the fluid dynamics of the droplets. The EWOD device consists of the 2 x 2 mm bottom electrodes (Au/Cr), a dielectric layer of 3,000 A nitride, 500 A Teflon and a piece of indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass as the top electrode. The complete EWOD phenomenon is elucidated by comparing simulation with the experimental data on droplet transportation, cutting and creation. In transportation testing, the speed of the droplet is 6 mm/s at 40 V(dc). In addition, the droplet division process takes 0.12 s at 60 V(dc) in the current case. Finally, a 347 nl droplet is successfully created from an on-chip reservoir at 60 V(dc).